I was sent several images of beads in the Andean collections of a Japanese museum for comment. Most of them are typical Spanish Colonial types but those on one strand are problematic regarding their age and method of manufacture.

Here is the strand. Most of the beads are wound. I do not know if the brass ones are actual brass or coated with it.

The one bead appears to have a thin layer of copper on the surface of its perforation.

Has anyone seen similar beads or know where and when they were made?

Another problematic group follows.