Sorry to have been so out of touch, I have had a difficult and entirely challenging year.

I read with great interest Carole's forward of Jamey's appraisal, and continued reading other posts throughout the years. Who could not agree, very often the seal beads made with rotary wheel cutters are obvious fakes. Though I did read In "The Scientific Research On The Sculptural Arts of Asia" many references, and specific articles about rotary incising wheels. Amazingly enough one very scientific article "The Introduction of Rotary Incising Wheels for Working Jade in China" concludes that "incising wheels where first used for working jade in China during the Shang dynasty (ca 1200 B.C.E.)"!!!!! The article discusses specific objects shaped in this manner throughout all the subsequent dynasties

In a post script the article discusses how the treadle driven lathes, and incising tools were not prevalent until the use of actual frame chairs, in the Tang dynasty (ca 850 C.E.)