At least the ones supplied by Bead Game in the 70's were called Kashmiri Turquoise mosaic beads.
Necklaces of them with long tear drop pendants were sold in Import Market / Cost Plus types of shops. The early ones, as Jamey says, had chips of real turquoise set in what may have been lac.

One current vendor in India calls them "LADHAKI/ NEPALESE/ TIBETIAN BEADS." Similar beads today have blue dyed limestone or sometimes just blue glass beads inlaid into lac or glue with or without metal frames or wire.