Simichrome and household ammonia MAY give a positive result when rubbed gently on phenolic resin or bakelite. Simichrome contains ammonia so the response should be the same - but 10% ammonia gives a stronger response in the tests I've run myself.

Also - from my experience, not all phenolic resins have the oxidized surface that gives the mustard yellow color when tested. This difference may be age-related or possibly chemistry-related. If I don't get a positive result with ammonia, I use other tests such as the sniff test. If the stringing isn't too tight I can usually get the reamer inside the hole without damaging the string.

Bakelite is just one of the many trade names for phenolic resin. There were many different chemical formulations and it's impossible to know the subtle differences between them without a lot of fancy analytical tests. But since these sorts of test have never been done on a large number of different phenolic resins beads, I'm not sure the different resins could actually be identified, and that would also mean we'd need to know the formulations ahead of time.

A good way to think about phenolic resins is to consider epoxy resins. You probably have some experience with them. There are 5-minute epoxies, filled epoxies, epoxies for patching wood, some for patching wet pipes, etc. They are all generically called "epoxy" but they are not the same chemically. Phenolic resins are a little more consistent in that they are all made from phenol and formaldehyde, but they can be made with different catalysts, fillers, dyes, etc. The purity of the ingredients seemed to matter as well. A 1935 industrial chemistry text I've been reading has over 200 trade names for phenolic resins, and I judged over 70 of them could have been used for beads, based on the applications listed for them. So it's OK that we call all of them Bakelite, which is the original trade name for the original phenolic resin. Like calling all tissues "kleenex".