Using the French search engine Gallica, I found an older mention of Faturan, in a 1913 publication called Les Temps Nouveaux. Under the "Help Us" heading, the text says, "A friend asks for information on a product imitating amber called Faturan".

So, within 3 years of the first Bakelite plant opening in Germany, a competitive product was on the market. In the US, the same thing happened and Baekeland successfully sued for patent infringement. Not sure how things went in Europe but there were dozens of European phenolic products by the early 1920s, before the original patents ran out.