Anyone who's familiar with Phoenician and Egyptian stratified eye beads, from ca. 500 BCE, will recognize these very typical specimens. Apparently, the Phoenicians traded these beads to German receivers at that time. So, in Germany, these are locally thought of as being "Hallstat" (or Hallstatt) beads—named for the Celtic people of that time, from whose interments the beads are recovered. One of our forumites makes a specific practice of collecting these beads, from European contexts, I think. I could not rule-out the possibility that similar-looking beads were made locally then and/or perhaps somewhat later. But the original source was clearly the Near East.

JDA.